You are a new nurse in a mental health facility. The in-service this month is on schizophrenia
a. What are the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
b. What role or explanation does psychobiology play in this, if any?
Students' answers should include the following:
a. Positive symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, inappropriate affect, stereotypy, echopraxia, word salad, echolalia, loose associations, and neologisms.
Negative symptoms include thought blocking, catatonia, autism, self-neglect, poverty of thought, flat or blunt affect, symbolism, concrete thinking, and anhedonia.
b. Thought disorder is characterized by deterioration in mental functioning.
Disturbances in sensory perception and emotional changes
Improve with drug therapy but never fully recover
Attributed to emotional dysfunction, now recognized as a psychobiologic disease due to brain and neurotransmitter chemistry and neurotransmitter imbalances
These imbalances produce manifestations with delusions including suspiciousness; being controlled; feeling prosecuted; grandiose behaviors; religious fixations; preoccupation with sex, a love interest, body parts, or illnesses; and hallucinations with auditory or visual experiences.
Excess dopamine with imbalance of serotonin and norepinephrine are thought to play a role.
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