A nurse places some x-ray contrast the toddler is to drink in a small cup instead of a large cup. Which concept of a toddler's preoperational thinking is the nurse using?
a. Inability to conserve c. Centration
b. Magical thinking d. Irreversibility
ANS: A
The nurse is using the toddler's inability to conserve. This is when the toddler is unable to understand the idea that a mass can be changed in size, shape, volume, or length without losing or adding to the original mass. Instead, toddlers judge what they see by the immediate perceptual clues given to them. A small glass means less amount of contrast. Magical thinking is believing that thoughts are all-powerful and can cause events. Centration is focusing on one aspect rather than considering all possible alternatives. Irreversibility is the inability to undo or reverse the actions initiated, such as being unable to stop doing an action when told.
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The nurse is caring for a client with a prescription to discontinue the indwelling urinary catheter that has been in place for 2 weeks. Prior to removing the catheter, which action by the nurse is the most appropriate?
1. Clamping the catheter for increasing periods to retrain the bladder to hold increasing amounts of urine before emptying 2. Collecting urine to send for a culture and sensitivity 3. Having the client cleanse the urethral meatus with soap and water 4. Preparing a straight catheter for insertion if the client is unable to void after the indwelling catheter is removed
he nurse teaches a patient with advanced COPD to use pursed lip breathing. Which statement indicates that the patient understands the rationale for this type of breathing?
A) "This will help me breathe in more oxygen." B) "This will help keep my small airways open." C) "This will help me use my accessory muscles for breathing." D) "This will help me cough up more sputum."
The pregnant client states she does not want "to take all these supplements." What recommendations could the nurse make for the client? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected
Select all that apply. 1. "Folic acid has been found to be essential for minimizing the risk of neural tube defects." 2. "You do not have to take these supplements if you think you are healthy enough." 3. "Most women do not have adequate intake of iron pre-pregnancy, and iron needs increase with pregnancy." 4. "These medications do the same thing. I will call your physician to cancel one of your medications." 5. "You should take the folic acid, but the vitamins are not that important."
The nurse has provided a client with education about intrinsic factor. Which statement indicates an understanding of the information?
A. "Intrinsic factor is secreted by the chief cells of the stomach." B. "Intrinsic factor is necessary for absorption of vitamin B6." C. "Intrinsic factor aids in the secretion of mucus to protect the stomach." D. "Intrinsic factor is necessary for absorption of vitamin B12."