Explain how the research circle is really a research spiral. (2-11)
What will be an ideal response?
Researchers can traverse the research circle several times, a process perhaps better described as a spiral. The first two times, the researchers had traversed the research circle in a deductive, hypothesis-testing way. They started with theory and then deduced and tested hypotheses. The third time, they were more inductive: They started with empirical generalizations from the data they had already obtained and then turned to a new theory to account for the unexpected patterns in the data. At this point, they believed that deterrence theory made correct predictions, given certain conditions, and that another theory, control theory, might specify what these conditions were.
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