Fluoroquinolones are known to be effective against both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. How is this possible?
1. Fluoroquinolones that are effective against gram-negative organisms block the enzyme topoisomerase IV, which stops the migration process of the two new strands to opposite sides of the cell.
2. Fluoroquinolones that are effective against gram-positive organisms block the enzyme DNA gyrase, which stops relaxation of the supercoil of the DNA.
3. Fluoroquinolones that are effective against gram-negative organisms block the enzyme DNA gyrase, and those effective against gram-positive organisms block topoisomerase IV.
4. All fluoroquinolones are effective against both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. There is no difference in the way they block bacterial DNA replication.
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Fluoroquinolones that are effective against gram-negative organisms block the enzyme DNA gyrase.
Rationale 2: Fluoroquinolones that are effective against gram-positive organisms block the enzyme topoisomerase IV.
Rationale 3: Fluoroquinolones attack gram-negative organisms by blocking DNA gyrase and attack gram-positive organisms by blocking topoisomerase IV.
Rationale 4: Specific fluoroquinolones are effective against either gram-negative or gram-positive organisms. Some of the newer fluoroquinolones are more effective against gram-positive organisms.
Global Rationale: It is thought that fluoroquinolones inhibit DNA gyrase in gram-negative organisms, and inhibit topoisomerase IV in gram-positive organisms Specific fluoroquinolones are effective against either gram-negative or gram-positive organisms. Some of the newer fluoroquinolones are more effective against gram-positive organisms.
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