Non-standard versions of a language tend to be stigmatized __________
a. when they cannot be understood
b. to the extent that they deviate from the standard
c. when there is a strong system of national government
d. if the members of the group who speak it are indigenous
b
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We have learned that reliance on culture has increased in the course of human history. Yet the fact and mechanisms of evolution remain a key part of our human present and future because
A. people haven't stopped adapting biologically. B. they provide the clues to building a better human race by promoting directed speciation. C. the pace of evolution has been continuously increasing, as human cultural solutions have not been able to keep up with environmental changes such as global warming. D. they determine, at the genetic level, our phenotype. E. they continue to justify anthropology's biocultural perspective.
Food-foraging societies are egalitarian because:
a. humans, in their natural state, like to share. b. it is unnatural for some people to be richer than others. c. their mobility and type of technology limits the accumulation of surplus possessions. d. they are constantly threatened by starvation. e. their king told them to be that way.
Chest slapping by gorillas and arm waving by chimpanzees are examples of
a. reassurance gestures. b. submission. c. displays. d. involuntary behavior. e. affiliative behavior.
Unfortunately, plans to involve indigenous peoples in programs of economic development have failed for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
a. incidence of disease tends to rise in areas facing rapid culture change. b. environmental degradation caused by commercial development is high in these areas. c. the tremendous influx of tourists into these areas has caused rapid contagion. d. many of the more modern lifestyles that people adopt bring more diseases to these areas. e. health problems are aggravated by rapid urbanization.