In which of the following situations would Koch's postulates be utilized?
A) determination of the cause of a new emerging disease by scientists studying disease transmission
B) development of a new antibiotic in a pharmaceutical lab
C) determination of the cause of cancer in a patient
D) formulation of a vaccine against a new pathogen in a genetic engineering lab
E) whenever the scientific method is used to investigate a microbiological problem
A
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Acute viral gastroenteritis is the leading cause of death in
A. children in the United.States. B. children in developing countries. C. children in day care centers. D. children worldwide.
Beer potomania is a condition caused by excessive consumption of beer which can result in low serum sodium levels, called hyponatremia. Given what you have learned about ion concentration, what would cause the low serum sodium levels?
a. The beer binds the sodium ions on the blood and they are eliminated in the urine. b. The consumption of beer results in dehydration, and this reduces sodium ion concentration. c. Over-hydration from beer consumption causes the blood serum to be diluted, resulting in low solute concentration. d. Beer increases the permeability of the cell membranes allowing sodium to cross and resulting in serum concentrations being depleted.
Our normal blood pH should be in a fairly narrow range. Imagine you sit down to eat a large meal with cola, tomato-based sauce, and a salad with many citrus fruit slices. Identify the one statement that does not apply as one of the likely outcomes of your meal.
A. Your blood and body fluids will likely become more basic, with a higher pH than the normal range.
B. The cola, tomato, and citrus fruits will add hydrogen (H+) to your blood and body fluids.
C. All of the answer choices are correct.
D. Your body will produce buffer molecules to help neutralize acids you ate, so your blood pH doesn't change much.
E. Your blood and body fluids will likely become more acidic, with a lower pH than the normal range.
_____ are angiosperms.
A. Fiddlehead ferns B. Sphagnum mosses C. Fir trees D. Roses