A 60-year-old female patient is about to begin long-term therapy with a glucocorticoid. Which of the following will be important for minimizing the risk of osteoporosis?
a. Baseline vitamin D level
b. Calcium and vitamin D supplements
c. Estrogen therapy
d. Skeletal x-rays before treatment
ANS: B
Calcium and vitamin D supplements can help minimize the patient's risk of developing osteoporosis. A baseline vitamin D level is not recommended. Estrogen therapy can help in postmenopausal women, but its risks outweigh its benefits. Patients should undergo evaluation of the bone mineral density of the lower spine, not skeletal x-rays.
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a. 5 b. 2 1/2 c. 2/5 d. 10
The nurse is caring for a patient with an enteral feeding tube. During assessment, the nurse finds that the patient's oxygen saturation level has dropped significantly and the respiratory rate and effort have increased
What action should the nurse take first? a. Stop any infusion of fluids or medications through the feeding tube. b. Assess all of the patient's vital signs. c. Notify the healthcare provider. d. Reposition the patient.
At the family planning clinic, a 19-year-old woman who has recently become HIV positive is given counseling by the clinic nurse
Identify the instructions by the nurse that are most effective in preventing the transmission of HIV during sexual intercourse. a. You can have unprotected sex if both you and your partner(s) are HIV positive. b. The use of contraceptive measures, such as birth control pills and hormone injections, will limit the spread of the virus. c. The only way to prevent the transmission of HIV is to have an IUD placed. d. Using a latex condom with a potent sper-micide during intercourse is one of the best ways to prevent the spread of HIV.
The nurse is preparing a community presentation on family development. Which statement should the nurse include?
1. The youngest child determines the family's current stage. 2. A family does not experience overlapping of stages. 3. Family development ends when the youngest child leaves home. 4. The stages describe the family's progression over time.