Discuss the concept and consequences of built-in redundancy as it applies to amino acid sequences, and include an example
What will be an ideal response?
Three nucleotides are needed to carry the information for one amino acid. However, some amino acids can be specified by more than one combination of three nucleotides. For example, glycine can be encoded from four different codons, with any of four different nucleotides taking the final position in the triplet. This type of redundancy provides flexibility and also decreases the probability of mistakes during triplet construction.
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Which of the following is not an accurate comparison of human and insect respiratory
systems?
a. The insect tracheal system provides a large surface, while the lungs have only a small surface-to-volume ratio. b. Oxygen is transported via the circulatory system in humans, but the tracheal system in insects is separate from body fluids. c. Only humans can increase airflow using ventilation. d. Both gas exchange systems consist of a system of tubules to transport gases.
Which of the following organic macromolecules provides energy as well as structure to plants and animals?
a. proteins b. lipids c. carbohydrates d. nucleic acids
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine ____
a. speeds heart rate b. induces skeletal muscle contraction c. increases anxiety d. has a role in memory and learning e. dilates pupils
Which of the following is NOT one of the types of variation that occurs within individuals?
A) genetic variation B) environmental variation C) normalizing variation D) genotype-by-environment variation