The phenomenon of _____ indicates that, in some circumstances, mere contiguity between a neutral stimulus and a US is insufficient for conditioning to occur
A) ?blocking
B) ?overshadowing
C) ?higher-order conditioning
D) ?Both a and b are correct.
D
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In a classic study, the word Dutch was systematically paired with positive words (e.g., vacation, gift), whereas the word Swedish was paired with negative words (e.g., bitter, failure). When tested afterward, participants ____
a. tended to maintain their rating of the words Dutch and Swedish the same as before the test b. rated the word Dutch more positively than the word Swedish c. associated the word Dutch with the positive words but did not associate the word Swedish with the negative words d. associated the word Swedish with the negative words but did not associate the word Dutch with the positive words
_________ memories are said to linger in the mind for a few seconds, allowing people the chance to keep with the flow of conversations and remember what was just said
a. Iconic b. Echoic c. Short-term d. Long-term
Gabriella and Gaetane are twins. They take all the same classes in high school and participate in the same extracurricular activities. Every year, as soon as classes end and summer vacation begins, Gabriella comes down with a cold or sinus infection, but Gaetane always stays healthy. How does cognitive appraisal help to explain the difference in the girls' susceptibility to illness?
A. Gaetane is less likely to think that the events are stressful and probably has better strategies for coping with stress. B. Gabriella has a somewhat pessimistic attitude, whereas Gaetane tends to be optimistic when facing stress. C. Gaetane probably inherited more genes that make her resilient even in a stress-filled environment. D. Gabriella is more likely to seek out friends when she's stressed, whereas Gaetane tends to deal with it alone.
An attempt to assassinate the president of the United States was seen by millions of television
viewers, but the would-be assassin was found not guilty by a court of law. Indicate whether the statement is true or false