In their landmark research in the 1970s, Klaus and Kennell found that extended contact between mothers and their babies shortly after birth:
a. was unimportant to parent-infant bonding.
b. resulted in differences in mother-infant interactions two years later.
c. was related to social and cognitive differences in the children at age 5.
d. was important for boy infants but unimportant for girl infants.
B
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All but which of the following may help explain the inaction of witnesses in the famous case of Kitty Genovese?
a. diffusion of responsibility b. situational ambiguity c. perceived cost d. attributions of the cause of need e. prejudice
The cycle "increased helplessness - internal attributions - depression - increased
helplessness ..." is an example of (a) a negative feedback loop (b) positive feedback loop (c) operant conditioning (d) the fundamental attribution error, which plays a role in learned helplessness (e) a cycle of acquisition - extinction - acquisition - extinction etc.
Both Freud's and Erikson's theories have been cumulative theories. This means that later
stages and crises build on the previous ones. Therefore, in both of these theories which of the following is critical? a. Sexual identity b. Good schooling c. Ego integrity d. Early infant and childhood experiences
Predisposing factors to sexual dysfunction include:
a) child-rearing factors b) sexual trauma c) anticipation of failure d) All of the above.