An ICU nurse has been taking care of a septic client. The client suddenly develops dyspnea, crackles, hypertension, bounding pulses, agitation, and confusion. The nurse recognizes these are symptoms of:
1. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.
2. Right-sided heart failure.
3. Left-sided heart failure.
4. Constrictive pericarditis.
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Rationale: The septic client who suddenly develops dyspnea, crackles, hypertension, bounding pulses, agitation, and confusion most likely has developed noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Agitation and confusion are often among the first signs of developing hypoxemia, which would be common to both cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Hypertension and bounding pulses are more common with noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Right-sided heart failure, left-sided heart failure, and constrictive pericarditis are considered cardiogenic causes for pulmonary edema.
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