Explain the rationale for when nonparametric statistics are used.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Parametric statistics are used when the data are essentially based on normal distributions and meet the four basic assumptions discussed earlier. Data must be interval or ratio for parametric statistical methods to be used. Nonparametric statistical methods are used when ranks or ordinal types of data are used, and this involves violations of the assumptions cited earlier (e.g., normality, homogeneity of variance, and so on). Several nonparametric tests are used in inferential statistical methods. Generally, nonparametric tests are used with nominal and ordinal data or when there is a violation of one or more of the four assumptions cited earlier. The correlated t test is similar to the noncorrelated t test, except that it is used when there is a violation of independence. A researcher may choose to compare the same participants on a pretest and posttest, and the scores are not independent of each other. Consequently, the research must use nonparametric statistics.
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