What is a threat to internal validity in which a participant's physical or psychological state changes over time during a study?
A. history effect
B. maturation
C. testing effect
D. regression toward the mean
Answer: B
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Humor is one constructive coping strategy that
a. is always effective. b. works only if the stress is immediate. c. works best when the humor is at one's own expense. d. can diffuse stress.
In terms of the biblical promise of "three score and ten" years (that is, 70 years), average human life expectancy in the United States
a. exceeded that figure early in the 20th century b. surpassed that figure during the latter portion of the 20th century c. did not reach that figure until the first few years of the 21st century d. has not yet achieved that figure e. is a limit that no individual can surpass
Gender differences in cognition are consistent, but small
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
According to developmentalists, an infant’s universal grimace when disgusted is an example of __________
a) facial-directed emotion b) nonverbal encoding c) verbal emotion d) advanced behavior