Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. According to Cloward and Ohlin, all neighborhoods are fertile criminal learning environments for the young.
2. According to differential opportunity theory, criminal subcultures and the neighborhoods in which they reside can perpetuate crime through generations with the use of their own forms of icons and role models (legitimate or not).
3. According to Cloward and Ohlin, retreatist subcultures develop in disorganized communities where illegitimate opportunities are largely absent and those that exist are closed to adolescents.
4. According to Robert Agnew’s general strain theory, some people are pressured into crime.
5. According to Messner and Rosenfeld, the American Dream fosters an “anything goes” mentality.


1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True

Criminal Justice

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In the 21st century, each officer will have a PLT, that is:

A) a personal locator transmitter B) the same as CAD C) a personal laptop transmitter D) a pleasure terminal

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____________ __________ refers to the process where a solid object can be made from a digital model, as layers of material are laid down in different shapes

Fill in the blanks with correct word

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One of the drawbacks of AFIS is NOT the ______.

a. expense associated with colleting fingerprints from crime scenes b. cost of the system c. possibility that the perpetrator's prints may not be in the system d. possibility that people’s fingerprints change over time

Criminal Justice

Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. In America, colonial sheriffs were a proactive police force that patrolled to deter criminal activity. 2. Vigilantes are groups of citizens who distribute justice according to their own rules. 3. The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 required that runaway slaves by returned to their master and outlined punishments for those who aided runaway slaves. 4. In the 19th century, police officer was an undesirable, low-paying job. 5. August Vollmer was the first to use scientific analysis of evidence in policing.

Criminal Justice