While on a peaceful morning walk, you pass a construction site where a person suddenly starts using a jackhammer. Unconsciously, you turn your head from the noise. This action is due to the response of which structure(s)?
A. The thalamus
B. The inferior colliculi
C. The middle cerebellar peduncles
D. The superior colliculi
E. The substantia nigra
Answer: B
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The muscularis of the bladder is composed of three layers of smooth muscle called the __________________ muscle.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
The volume of urine produced is regulated mainly by the activity in the distal
convoluted tubule and the _____ duct. Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Messenger RNA is vital to the cell because
A) mRNA can leave the nucleus. B) mRNA cannot leave the nucleus. C) DNA can leave the nucleus. D) DNA cannot leave the nucleus. E) mRNA can leave the nucleus, and DNA cannot leave the nucleus.
During the initial, depolarizing phase of the action potential, the voltage-gated Na+-channel is in which conformation?
a. closed but capable of opening b. open, or activated c. closed and not capable of opening d. activation gate open; inactivation gate closed e. activation gate closed; inactivation gate closed