General deterrence strategies are premised on all of the following except:

A) Fear of the consequences of crime will deter potential criminals.
B) The threat of punishment can convince rational criminals that crime does not pay.
C) ?Techniques include the death penalty, mandatory sentences, and aggressive policing.
D) Problems with these strategies are that criminals do not fear punishment, and the certainty of arrest and punishment is low.
E) If crime is rational, then painful punishment should reduce its future allure.


E

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According to the "identifiable human needs" standard created by the Supreme Court, which of the following is a basic need?

A. Exercise B. Recreation C. Books D. Relationships

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Sir Walter Crofton created what was referred to as the _______________; basically a permit that was given to a convict in exchange for a certain period of good conduct. Through this process, the convict could instead earn his own wage through his own labor prior to the expiration of his actual sentence. In addition, other liberties were provided so long as the convict’s behavior remained within the lawful limits set by this system.

a. ticket-of-leave b. banishment c. mark system d. chain gang

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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Prisons are referred to as terminal institutions. 2. Coercive measures used to counter terrorist tendencies are often only marginally successful. 3. Religion will not be a major source of terrorist violence in the near future. 4. Intelligence agencies can hack into financial databases with minimal staff.

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Cloward and Ohlin's assumption that blocked opportunities are related to delinquency has received

A. mixed empirical support. B. no empirical support. C. strong empirical support. D. To date, no one has tested this assumption.

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