If a researcher studies fourth-grade students to determine the effects of rewarding good behavior on subsequent behavior, which of the following is least likely to be an extraneous variable?
A. student grade level
B. student attitude
C. teacher characteristics
D. parent's parenting style
Ans: A. student grade level
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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
The original aim of bilingual education was to promote the acquisition of English language skills.
While some middle schools subscribe strongly to the learner-centered curricular perspectives and others adhere to a subject-centered approach, the authors of TEACHING IN THE MIDDLE SCHOOL believe:
a. a learner-centered curriculum most effectively meets the needs of young adolescents as well as community preferences. b. young adolescents' ability to engage in abstract thinking calls for a strong subject-centered curriculum. c. teachers should look to the elementary and secondary school and base the middle school curriculum on their respective curricula. d. the most realistic perspective is to avoid an "either-or" decision, and in fact, have a curriculum that reflects the "best" of both perspectives.
Which is NOT one of the main ways American children and adolescents use their free time?
A. using media, such as computers or television B. engaging in academics outside of school C. playing in unstructured activities or "hanging out" D. engaging in structured activities, such as sports or music
Context studies on effective school research have the following components. Which applies to this research?
a. Location (urban, suburban, rural) b. Socioeconomic status (SES) c. School level (elementary, middle, or high school) d. Students' ethnicity and race