Describe the challenges that plants faced when they entered the land, and how did they overcome
them? What will be an ideal response?
Plants faced a number of challenges. First, drying out was immediate risk. Plants overcame this via a
xylem to move water from the soil to the above-ground parts, and developing a cuticle to keep water
in. The evolution of xylem to move water solved another issue, as it allowed the plant to move
mineral ions up from the soil. However, the cuticle created an issue in itself - how to allow for gas
exchange through wax. Stomates evolved that were able to meet this challenge. Lastly, the plant also
had to resist gravity. This was done by the evolution of strong, lignified cells.
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If you see a red flower with very little odor, it is likely pollinated by ____
a. flies b. birds c. bats or moths d. butterflies e. bees
________ reactions capture energy from the organisms' energy source.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Permafrost is associated with which of these biomes?
A) Littoral B) Tundra C) Grassland D) Temperate deciduous forest E) Northern coniferous forest
What explains the coloration of giant kelp?
A. It is the result of waste products stored in the tissues. B. It warns grazers of their toxic properties. C. It facilitates absorption of the blue-green light prevalent in their environment. D. It facilitates absorption of the brown light prevalent in their environment. E. It camouflages them from grazers.