Which of the following is false about the sense of future obligation embodied in the reciprocity rule?
(a) It provides a genuine advantage to societies who live by it.
(b) It allows for the development of sophisticated and coordinated systems of aid, defense, and trade.
(c) It reduces the tendency of one person to start an exchange relationship with another.
(d) Societies train their members to abide by it.
Answer: (c) It reduces the tendency of one person to start an exchange relationship with another.
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In the context of psychological anthropology, a national character refers to:
a) the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture. b) the belief of a nation that every culture has its own significance and therefore needs to be preserved. c) a condition or system in which two or more states, groups, principles, or sources of authority coexist. d) the perception that each culture has a modal personality type, and that most persons in that culture share aspects of it.
Attitude formation is a fully mechanical process
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The first step in behavior therapy is to:
a. listen carefully to the client's description of his problem. b. develop a detailed treatment plan. c. explain the logic of the behavioral approach to the client. d. search for effective reinforcers to be used in modifying the client's bad habit.
Which of the following best describes Kohlberg's post-conventional level of moral reasoning?
a. Moral reasoning is based on the individual's own independent judgments rather than on what others view as wrong or right. b. What is right is whatever agrees with the rules established by tradition and by authorities. c. Rules should be obeyed to avoid punishment from those in authority. d. Moral reasoning is based on perceptions of the likelihood of external rewards and punishments.