Which of the following statements accurately describe pulmonary vascular capacitance? I. During lung inflation, vascular capacitance increases within the alveolar vessels. II. During hypervolemic states, lung inflation causes a discharge of alveolar blood volume into the left atrium. III. During dehydration, lung inflation will cause a transient decrease in the pulmonary venous overflow as blood
pools in the extra-alveolar vessels. IV. Vascular capacitance decreases in the extra-alveolar vessels during lung inflation.
A. III only
B. I, II, IV only
C. I, III, IV only
D. II, III, IV only
?ANS: D
A. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
B. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
C. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
D. Correct response: As the lungs inflate, alveolar vessels are compressed and they
experience a decrease vascular capacitance. At the same time, the extra-alveolar vessels experience an increased pulmonary capacitance. If alveolar capillaries are engorged with blood as during a hypervolemic state, inspiration causes a discharge of alveolar-capillary blood volume into the left atrium. However, if alveolar capillaries are less full, as in the case of hydration lung, inflation will result in a transient decrease in pulmonary vessel outflow as blood pools in the enlarged extra-alveolar vessels.
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