The cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria has two layers: a thick cell wall and the cell membrane.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
True
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Various Ixodes spp., as well as various Borrelia spp., may be involved in the transmission and cause of Lyme disease
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is maintained by all of the following EXCEPT _____
A) active transport of salt from the upper region of the ascending limb B) the spatial arrangement of juxtamedullary nephrons C) diffusion of urea from the collecting duct D) diffusion of salt from the descending limb of the loop of Henle
Veal infusion agar was used as the growth media in this experiment. How do you think your results would vary if nutrient agar was used in place of the veal infusion agar?
A) If nutrient agar was used, the number of organisms per mL would be less, because nutrient agar does not provide complex nutrients for fastidious organisms. B) If nutrient agar was used, the number of organisms per mL would be more, because nutrient agar does not provide complex nutrients for fastidious organisms.
What was the probable role of oxygen gas in the early stages of life's appearance on Earth?
A) Cellular respiration, which depends on oxygen availability, provided abundant energy to the first life-forms. B) Oxygen promoted the formation of complex organic molecules through physical processes. C) Oxygen gas tends to disrupt organic molecules, so its absence promoted the formation and stability of complex organic molecules on the early Earth. D) Abundant atmospheric oxygen would have created an ozone layer, which would have blocked out ultraviolet light and thereby protected the earliest life-forms.