Compare pipe to tubing.
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Although pipe and tubing are similar in some aspects, they have different types of specifications and uses. They are only sometimes interchangeable.
The specifications for pipe sizes are given as the inside diameter for pipe 12 in. (305 mm) in diameter or smaller, and as the outside diameter for pipe larger than 12 in. (305 mm) in diameter. Tubing sizes are always given as the outside diameter. The desired shape of tubing, such as square, round, or rectangular, must also be listed with the ordering information.
The wall thickness of tubing is measured in inches (millimeters) or as U.S. standard sheet metal gauge thickness. The wall thickness for pipe is determined by its schedule, or pressure range. The larger the diameter of the pipe, the greater its area. As the area increases, so must the wall thickness in order for the wall to withstand the same pressure range.
The strength of pipe is given as a schedule. Schedules 10 through 180 are available; schedule 40 is often considered a standard strength. Tubing strength is the ability of tubing to withstand compression, bending, or twisting loads. Tubing should also be specified as rigid or flexible.
Pipe and tubing are both available as welded (seamed) or extruded (seamless).
Most pipe that will be welded into a system is used to carry liquids or gases from one place to another. These systems may be designed to carry large or small quantities or materials having a wide range of pressures. Small diameter pipe may be used for some structural applications, but usually only on a limited scale.
Small diameter flexible tubing is commonly used to carry pressurized liquids or gases. Rigid tubing is normally used for structural applications. Some tubing is designed for specific purposes, such as electrical mechanical tubing (EMT), which is used to protect electrical wiring. Tubing can be used to replace some standard structural shapes such as I-beams, channels, and angles for buildings. Tubing is also available in sizes that will slide one inside the other to be used in places where telescoping tubing is required.
The welding sequence, procedures, and skills can also be used on thick-wall round tubing.
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