In the U.S. Constitution, powers that are not expressly given to Congress but are retained by state governments are called
a. enumerated powers.
b. reserved powers.
c. concurrent powers.
d. federal powers.
e. decentralized powers.
ANS: B
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Daniel J. Elazar's argument that the "virtue of the federal system lies in its ability to develop and maintain mechanisms vital to the perpetuation of the unique combination of governmental strength, political flexibility, and individual liberty which has been the central concern of American politics" means that
A. cities and towns can try new things before the rest of the country. B. different states can have different rules for their people. C. state governments can eliminate corruption that the national government cannot. D. different states can regulate their different economies. E. All of these are correct.
How do African American perceptions of the criminal justice system compare with those of whites?
a. Most whites and African Americans believe the criminal justice system is fundamentally unfair.
b. When the victim is black, whites and African Americas attribute police brutality to individual malfeasance by officers, not as racism.
c. Whites see the disproportionate percentages of African Americans in prison as discrimination, whereas African Americans see it as a product of greater criminality among African Americans.
d. Most whites believe the criminal justice system is fundamentally fair; most African Americans do not.
Which of the following is almost exclusively a state power?
A. delivering mail B. loaning money C. law enforcement D. registering voters E. chartering banks
Activities of members of Congress that help constituents as individuals are known as
a. advertising. b. credit claiming. c. franking. d. casework. e. pork barrel politics.