Most DNA-based phylogenetic analyses place humans and chimpanzees (including bonobos) as each other's closest relatives, but a persistent minority of studies place gorillas and chimpanzees as sharing a common ancestor that was not a human ancestor
The reason is incomplete lineage sorting, which simply means that ________. A) the ancestral species of all great apes was genetically variable at some loci, and each descendant species lost different random combinations of ancestral alleles
B) the labs that sequenced great ape DNA made a simple procedural error
C) mitochondrial genes can become unlinked and be inherited by independent assortment
D) primate lineages are not completely reproductively isolated and can hybridize
E) coding regions of the primate genome are more likely to give false results than noncoding regions such as SINEs
A
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Because of fluctuations in the environment, such as depletion of food supply or an outbreak of disease,
a population may periodically experience a rapid and marked decrease in number of individuals, leading to a form of genetic drift called
a. a founders effect. b. migration. c. gene flow. d. natural selection. e. a genetic bottleneck.
Why do we think that the forest communities of eastern North America have changed dramatically over the past 18,000 years?
A) Glacial retreat exposed land for primary succession that long ago. B) Large fires exposed land for secondary succession that long ago. C) Successional changes are typically very rapid and all communities change at this speed. D) Pollen evolved at this time.
The tailbone of humans provided evidence against _____.
A. evolution by natural selection B. evolution by adaptation C. the idea that each species was formed in its perfect state D. the idea of uniformitarianism E. the idea of extinction
What does the acronym FITT-VP, used by EP-Cs in exercise prescription, stand for?
a. Frequency, intensity, time, tempo, volume, performance b. Fitness, intensity, time, type, variety, progression c. Fitness, intensity, time, tempo, variety, performance d. Frequency, intensity, time, type, volume, progression