Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. In his classic study of homicide in Philadelphia, Marvin Wolfgang divided homicide into primary homicides, which involved intimates, friends, and acquaintances and secondary homicides, which involved strangers.
2. While most robberies do result in death, they all involve the use of force or the threat of force.
3. Strangers are anonymous and dangerous while our friends and acquaintances are known to us and therefore seem to be nonthreatening or at least less threatening.
4. Marital status and geographical location are also related to robbery victimization.


1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True

Criminal Justice

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In an anti-gang injunction, gang members are encouraged to interact with members of other gangs in order to foster understanding and nonviolence

A. True B. False

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Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)

Critics of character theory, including Hursthouse, argue that there can be inconsistencies and conflicts between the virtues listed by Aristotle.

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Data from the NCVS indicate that most rape or sexual assault victimizations (55%) occurred at or near the victim's ________

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Balance, if on the side of pleasure, will give the general evil tendency of the act. 2. For a risk taker engaged in crime, magnitude of punishment is more important than certainty of punishment. 3. General deterrence theory is concerned with how individuals respond to the perceived as opposed to objective cost properties of their criminal decisions.

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