A client recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse to explain, "What's wrong with my pancreas?" The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that there is a malfunction of pancreas:
1. Beta cells.
2. Alpha cells.
3. Delta cells.
4. PP cells.
Beta cells.
Rationale: Throughout the pancreas are clusters of cells called the islets of Langerhans. Islets are made up of several types of cells, including beta cells that make insulin that facilitate the uptake and use of glucose by the cells and prevent excessive breakdown of glycogen. Alpha cells are responsible for the production of glucagon. Delta cells produce somatostatin, which inhibits GH, TSH, and gastrointestinal hormones, such as glucagon and insulin, by the alpha and beta cells of the pancreas. PP cells produce pancreatic polypeptides, or digestive enzymes, which are responsible for the exocrine activity of the pancreas.
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Select the normal finding for an ocular fundus examination
1. The optic disc is pale and irregularly shaped. 2. The optic disc is yellow-orange to creamy pink with distinct margins. 3. The optic disc is red with blurred margins. 4. The optic disc has dilated tortuous veins and constricted arteries.
On her first prenatal visit, a patient expresses concern that she will not produce enough milk to breastfeed because her breasts are small. Which response is most appropriate?
a. "You might want to talk to your doctor about different formulas." b. "Your breasts will enlarge during pregnancy." c. "Breast enlargement surgery might be helpful." d. "Breast size does not indicate how much milk you can produce."
The nurse is caring for a patient who will begin taking atenolol (Tenormin). What information will the nurse include when teaching the patient about taking this medication?
a. The drug must be taken twice daily. b. The patient must rise slowly from a chair or bed. c. The medication is safe to take during pregnancy. d. Use NSAIDs as needed for mild to moderate pain.
The nurse is working in the labor and delivery area with parents who are members of the Shinto and Buddhist religions. The nurse expects that after the birth of the child:
1. Baptism will be performed immediately 2. Special prayers will be said over the child 3. Special preparations will be made for the umbilical cord and placenta 4. No particular rituals will usually be performed in the postpartum period