A nurse is caring for an older adult with cognitive impairment who recently had hip surgery. The nurse assesses the client for pain. The nurse would suspect that the client is in pain when the cli-ent demonstrates which of the following?
(Select all that apply.)
a. The client ate all of her meals.
b. The client pushes caregivers away when they attempt to change the dressing on her hip.
c. The client rocks back and forth repetitive-ly when sitting in a chair.
d. The client sleeps soundly throughout the night.
e. The client cries out repeatedly when any-one approaches her.
ANS: B, C, E
Pain cues in people with communication difficulties involve changes in behavior including rest-lessness, resistance to care, repetitive movements, and vocalizations. Other cues include sleep-lessness and decreased appetite.
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