Which are clinical manifestations of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in infants? (Select all that apply.)
a. Low-pitched cry
b. Sunken fontanel
c. Diplopia and blurred vision
d. Irritability
e. Distended scalp veins
f. Increased blood pressure
ANS: D, E
Diplopia and blurred vision, irritability, and distended scalp veins are signs of increased ICP in infants. Diplopia and blurred vision is indicative of ICP in children. A high-pitched cry and a tense or bulging fontanel are characteristics of increased ICP. Increased blood pressure, common in adults, is rarely seen in children.
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