In each list, circle the idea that is the more general topic (or heading) of the other three
a. Thumbscrews
b. The rack
c. Hot coals
d. Torture chamber
d
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1 When you imagine a college classroom, what do you see? Is there a
professor at the front of a large hall giving a lecture while students sit in rows, listening and taking notes? Or are students sitting at tables in groups of four and five, discussing a problem they are trying to solve while the professor moves from group to group to answer questions? More than likely, the first arrangement came to mind when you thought of this classroom. This situation represents the most common classroom interaction, the one which is most familiar to all of us. 2 Researchers who study classroom interaction would describe the first arrangement with a professor lecturing as a teacher-fronted classroom. In a teacher-fronted classroom, the instructor's talk is most important. In these classrooms, the teacher decides the topics that will be discussed and also decides when a student will talk. Many students are comfortable with this kind of interaction and classroom organization because they have experienced it throughout their school experiences. Primary school teachers often use a teacherfronted classroom to help students with their learning. For example, a first grade teacher may tell a story about a zebra and then ask several questions such as, "What color is a zebra?" The students will then answer, "Black and white." Or the teacher may ask, "What letter does the word zebra start with?" and the students will answer, "Z." In these situations, the teacher already knows the answer to the questions. However, he or she asks these simple questions to help the students build their confidence and to help them learn how to participate in class. 3 The teacher-fronted classroom may work well at the lower levels, but it does not necessarily work well at the college level. Often, students in college would like to ask their own questions or introduce their own topics, especially when working on something difficult. They also may wish to have more detailed discussions which go beyond a question / answer organization. Finally, they may want to have discussions with fellow students in class as well as with their instructors. In contrast, a college professor may choose to use a teacher-fronted format simply because he or she has so much material that must be covered in a single lecture, and there is not enough time for long discussions in class. 4 The second scene, with students sitting in groups, is called a student-centered classroom. In this type of classroom organization, student talk, rather than teacher talk, is most important. Students have the opportunity to ask questions, start new topics and follow up with longer discussions with both classmates and teachers. Very often, in this type of classroom, students are seated in chairs at tables rather than seated in a row. They have the opportunity to move around as they complete their classroom assignments. This type of organization is often very popular with teachers and students, but it does create more responsibility for the instructor who has to participate in many different discussions and who must do much more planning to have a successful class. What which possible problems of teacher-fronted college classrooms are mentioned in the reading? a. College students cannot easily ask questions or introduce their own topics. b. College students are forced to agree with the opinions of their professors. c. College students have difficulty listening to long and boring lectures.
Write the numbers you hear. Write numerals instead of words.
620
Identifica diez artículos de ropa distintos. Escribe el nombre del artículo y dibuja una línea (line) para identificarlo
Roberto (1) _______________________ (decir) que se levantó temprano el sábado pasado y (2) _______________________ (ir) al centro con su amigo Gonzalo. Cuando Roberto entró a su tienda favorita, (3) _______________________ (saber) inmediatamente que muchas cosas estaban en rebaja y él (4) _______________________ (estar) muy contento. Por suerte, Gonzalo y Roberto (5) _______________________ (traer) sus tarjetas de crédito y (6) _______________________ (poder) comprar mucha ropa. ¡El dependiente (7) _______________________ (tener) que ayudarlos a llevar sus paquetes al auto! Ellos (8) _______________________ (poner) todo en las sillas de atrás, le (9) _______________________ (decir) «gracias» al dependiente y regresaron a casa. Después de despedirse de Gonzalo, Roberto (10) _______________________ (venir) a buscarme. Cuando abrí la puerta de su auto, me saludó así: «Yo te (11) _______________________ (traer) algo» y él me (12) _______________________ (dar) una pulsera muy bonita. Yo no (13) _______________________ (querer) aceptarla porque estaba segura de que le costó mucho. Pero él insistió y yo (14) _______________________ (tener) que tomarla. Luego, nosotros (15) _______________________ (ir) a comer, los dos muy contentos.
Answer the following questions based on the videos from “Capítulo 15”.
Según Mariano, lo único que necesitas para organizar un viaje es… a. mucho dinero. b. tiempo libre. c. un agente de viajes. d. una computadora o un celular.