Explain the basic elements of a multiple baseline across settings design including selection of subject(s), dependent variable(s) and how the dependent and independent variables are implemented.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
One subject is selected who demonstrates the same target behavior in the different settings. Baseline data are collected in all three settings. As the subject receives intervention in setting 1, settings 2 and 3 continue in baseline phase. When setting 1 reaches criterion performance of the target behavior, then the independent variable is implemented in setting 2. The process is repeated until the subject also receives the independent variable in setting 3. The dependent and independent variables are the same in each setting with the same subject.
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A tabulation of the number of times each value of a variable occurs ______.
A. is more practical but less relevant B. only exists in quantitative research C. is a frequency distribution D. is a standard deviation
The student welfare office was interested in trying to enhance students’ exam performance by investigating the effects of various interventions. They took five groups of students before their statistics exams and gave them one of five interventions: (1) a control group just sat in a room contemplating the task ahead (Control); (2) the second group had a yoga class to relax them (Yoga); (3) the third group were told they would get monetary rewards contingent upon the grade they received in the exam (Bribes); (4) the fourth group were given beta-blockers to calm their nerves (Beta-Blockers); and (5) the fifth group were encouraged to sit around winding each other up about how much revision they had/hadn’t done (You’re all going to fail). The student welfare office made four
predictions: (1) all interventions should be different from the control; (2) yoga, bribery and beta-blockers should lead to higher exam scores than panic; (3) yoga and bribery should have different effects than the beta-blocker drugs; and (4) yoga and bribery should also differ. Which of the following planned contrasts (with the appropriate group codings) are correct to test these hypotheses?
A.
B.
C.
D.
School district responsibilities regarding an independent educational evaluation (IEE) include which of the following: (may be more than one answer)
a. Informing the parents where they may obtain an IEE. b. accepting and implementing the results of an IEE. c. considering the results of an IEE. d. acting on the recommendations in the IEE.
How much academic freedom should teachers be allowed to have in teaching their students? Should all teachers have the same amount of academic freedom, or should it vary by factors such as grade level, subject taught, teacher effectiveness, etc.? Who, if anyone, should have the ability to limit academic freedom? Be sure to provide specific examples to support your analysis.
What will be an ideal response?