Where a given species of vertebrate lives has dramatically shaped the evolution of respiratory adaptations, particularly since the oxygen concentration in air is approximately 20 times that of the oxygen concentration in water. Per unit area of gas exchange surface, which group of vertebrates can extract the greatest total amount of oxygen from the external medium?
A. Reptiles
B. Fish
C. Birds
D. Mammals
E. Amphibians
Answer: C
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If a water molecule passes through the outer membrane of a chloroplast, how many more membranes will it have to move through to be in the stroma?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Simple multicellular organisms show which of the following characteristics?
A. All of these options are characteristics of simple multicellular organisms. B. adhesion of cells C. little differentiation of specialized cell types D. little communication between cells E. little transfer of resources between cells
In the biological species concept, it is specified that two organisms are of the same species if they
breed and
a. are unsuccessful in producing offspring. b. produce any offspring. c. produce fertile offspring under laboratory conditions only. d. produce fertile offspring under normal circumstances. e. produce infertile offspring.
Adhesins
A) allow pathogens to stick to host tissues only in a nonspecific manner. B) are limited to only a few known types. C) include molecules that are typically found deep inside the pathogenic cell. D) include molecules that bind to host factors such as fibronectin, sialic acid, and heparin / heparin sulfate. E) make poor targets for vaccine development.