Why do individuals with genetic defects that prevent neutrophil or macrophage development usually die at an early age? Be specific and detailed in your answer to demonstrate your knowledge on the role of these cells in the immune system
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Individuals with such defects cannot live without extraordinary intervention, such as isolation from all environmental exposure. Neutrophils and macrophages are phagocyctic and antigen presenting cells. Individuals without these cells due to genetic defects or bone marrow suppression have a weakened innate immune response that can allow normal environmental bacteria and fungi to cause infections. The adaptive immune response of these individuals is also abnormal because neutrophils and macrophages are required for antigen presentation, which is the first step in the adaptive immune response that begins the selection and stimulation of clonal lymphocytes. Without the activation of the adaptive immune response, no lasting immunity to any pathogen will develop and, thus, individuals with genetic defects in neutrophil or macrophage maturation are severely immune-deficient. In a normal environment, they develop recurrent infections from bacteria, viruses, and fungi, which results in their death.
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a. fluid-filled ventricles. b. the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. c. the central canal of the spinal cord. d. spinal nerves. e. the spinal cord.
Which of the following words describes a
tentative explanation to a given question?
a. law b. theory c. hypothesis d. fact e. principle
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A) by binding to the active site of the enzyme, thus preventing binding of the normal substrate B) by binding to an allosteric site, thus changing the shape of the active site of the enzyme C) by decreasing the free-energy change of the reaction catalyzed by theenzyme D) by binding to the substrate, thus changing its shape so that it no longerbinds to the active site of the enzyme
In the sentence "I expect to observe A because B", which component of the scientific process is represented by B?
What will be an ideal response?