Gottfredson and Hirschi claim that the principles of self-control theory
a. predominantly explain violent crime
b. predominantly explain property crime.
c. predominantly explain street crime.
d. can explain all varieties of criminal behavior.
d
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Which of the following is not a central principle of restorative justice?
a. crime causes harm b. the goal of sentencing/corrections should be to reverse the harm that has been caused by the criminal act c. sentencing and correctional practices should restore victims, the community, and the offender to their original state d. the victim becomes less important in the sentencing process—the state acts more as an adversary than as an arbitrator
Positivist criminology is largely centered on:
a. Socialism b. Speculation c. Empirical research d. Theological doctrine
__________ refers to the observation that some traits appear to survive because the further the attainment of mates or the defense against competition over mates
a. Propagation b. Natural selection c. Sexual selection d. Social justification
Which of the following perspectives argues that crime arises from how individuals live their lives, the choices they make, and the thinking patterns that characterize their daily activities?
a. Biological b. Psychological c. Lifestyle d. Physiological