List the four types of discretionary decisions made by judges. How does discretion impact fairness and justice?
What will be an ideal response?
Set conditions for pretrial release.
Accept pleas. Dismiss charges. Impose sentence.
The discretion can lead to arbitrariness and discrimination because different judges have different views of fairness and justice and how the law should be enforced. Defendants may receive very different sentences for the same crime. This is problematic because it creates injustice.
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The standard test used to determine whether blood is of human or animal origin is the _____ test
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
The principal illegality alleged in the Iran-Contra arms scheme was a:
a. violation of the Boland Act, which had expressly prohibited covert aid to the Contras b. violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act, which prohibits covert state-private enterprise deals c. violation of the Second Amendment, pertaining to the right to bear arms d. violation of a Presidential Finding
As decided in Hurtado v. California, 110 U.S. 516 (1884), and in a case that is still good today, no state must grant the right to a grand jury indictment in a serious state prosecution
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which of the following is a correctional facility, usually operated by county government, used to hold persons awaiting trial or those who have been found guilty of misdemeanors?
a. jail b. maximum-security prison c. medium-security prison d. minimum-security prison