Most cells of a multicellular animal are isolated from direct contact with the external environment
How are the cells connected to the external environment? Briefly describe how CO2, NaCl and pH
affect the body through the connection.
What will be an ideal response?
Cells are connected by the aqueous extracellular fluid (ECF). CO2 produced by catabolic reactions are
removed from the EFC, otherwise it would become acidic. NaCl affects cell volume, where cells that
are swollen or shrunken cannot function properly. pH of the EFC has to be maintained within a
particular range or enzymatic and nerve cell reactions will be adversely affected.
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Beggiatoa are ________.
A. obligate aerobes B. obligate anaerobes C. microaerophiles D. facultative anaerobes
Populations can be described in terms of their diversity and stability
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
The process whereby oxygen is depleted by the growth of microorganisms due to excess nutrients in aquatic systems is called ________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Which of the following statements about the proteasome is false?
(a) Ubiquitin is a small protein that is covalently attached to proteins to mark them for delivery to the proteasome. (b) Proteases reside in the central cylinder of a proteasome. (c) Misfolded proteins are delivered to the proteasome, where they are sequestered from the cytoplasm and can attempt to refold. (d) The protein stoppers that surround the central cylinder of the proteasome use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to move proteins into the proteasome inner chamber.