Compare and contrast the digestive process in animals with two-way flow through their digestive system and those
that have a digestive system with one-way flow. What will be an ideal response?
In both processes, food molecules are broken down by digestive enzymes secreted into a
defined space. In a one-way flow digestive process, food enters a gastrovascular cavity
through a mouth-like opening. Digestive enzymes are secreted into this cavity, and the
products of digestion are absorbed into the cells that line the cavity. The undigested particles
are ejected through the mouth-like opening which now functions as an anus. In a two-way
flow digestive process, the digestive system is a tube-like structure with a mouth at one end
and an anus at the other. Food enters through the mouth, is pushed via peristalsis through the
digestive tube where digestion occurs. The undigested particles are eliminated through the
anus. This “tube-within-a-tube” system allows for specialization of parts of the digestive
tube, and the animal can eat and eliminate continuously.
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Which of the following substances is released outside of the body in its normal route of action?
A) paracrine signal B) neurotransmitter C) prostaglandin D) pheromone E) growth factor
The science of microbial ecology deals with
A) how microbial communities interact with each other and their environment. B) microbial activity and biodiversity. C) microbial gene regulation mechanisms in response to environmental change. D) how the activity and biodiversity of microbial communities affect microbial interactions with each other and the environment.
Mammalian, bird, and crocodile hearts have four chambers with two separate atria and ventricles to ensure _____ different circuits for blood flow.
A. two B. three C. four D. eight
In liver cells, each NADH produced via glycolysis results in two ATP molecules in the electron
transport chain. __________________ Indicate whether the statement is true or false.