Briefly describe the four major categories of antidepressant drugs
What will be an ideal response?
Antidepressant drugs fall into several categories, including tricyclics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and atypical antidepressants. The tricyclics (e.g., imipramine, trade name Tofranil) operate by blocking the transporter proteins that reabsorb serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine into the presynaptic neuron after their release. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are similar to tricyclics but specific to the neurotransmitter serotonin. The monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (e.g., phenelzine, trade name Nardil) block the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO), a presynaptic enzyme that metabolizes catecholamines and serotonin into inactive forms. The atypical antidepressants include everything other than the types just discussed (Horst & Preskorn, 1998). One example is bupropion (Wellbutrin), which inhibits reuptake of dopamine and to some extent norepinephrine but not serotonin. Although antidepressants vary in which neurotransmitter(s) they target-serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, or some combination-all appear to be nearly equal in their effectiveness (Montgomery et al., 2007).
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Young boys are often told to call their penis a "wiener.". What are young girls often told to call their clitoris?
a. Man in the boat b. Pee pee c. Tee tee d. None of the above
A few studies have suggested that observational learning of tool use in chimpanzees can be enhanced by:
A) using child human models to illustrate tool use instead of adult human models. B) increasing chimpanzees' overall contact with humans. C) studying only chimpanzees raised in the wild. D) using only tools that are foreign to the chimpanzees' natural environment.
Which method is least likely to be used to assess the validity of a measurement?
a. split-half b. concurrent c. predictive d. convergent
Dr. Barant is studying reaction times and plans to define reaction time in terms of the time it takes to press a button on a display panel. Defining reaction time in this way would:
a. be a testable hypothesis b. provide empirical verification of the concept c. represent an operational definition d. violate general research ethics