With respect to transcription, which one of the following statements is not true?
a. DNA and RNA are both synthesized in a 5? to 3? direction
b. during RNA synthesis, the DNA template strand is read in a 3? to 5? direction
c. during RNA synthesis, new nucleotides are added to the 3? end of the growing RNA molecule
d. RNA molecules have the same 5? to 3? orientation as the DNA template strands to which they are complementary
Answer: d. RNA molecules have the same 5? to 3? orientation as the DNA template strands to which they are complementary
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Glucose fermentation by Clostridium spp. produce ATP only when acetate and butyrate are produced. Why do these organisms produce acetone and butanol after strong initial activity of generating ATP with acetate and butyrate byproducts?
A) Acetate and butyrate accumulation creates a deadly acidic environment, which acetone and butanol do not. B) Acetate and butyrate are no longer needed for biosynthetic pathways. C) Acetone and butanol serve as better sources for NAD(P)+ reduction. D) Acetone and butanol production is favored for stability to store intracellular carbon sources for potential nutrient poor conditions.
A colony of mice is treated with a nonvirulent strain of the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. Before treatment, a
researcher exposed this nonvirulent strain to heat-killed cells of a virulent strain. What will be the effect on the mouse population?
a. The mice will all remain healthy. b. Some mice will die, but most will remain healthy. c. The mice will develop pneumonia. d. Some mice will develop pneumonia, but most will remain healthy. e. The mice will become immune to the bacteria.
Of the remedies for an interpolation/extrapolation identification problem, which requires the most trust in the assumptions surrounding the data generation process?
A. Collect more/alternative data to close the data gap, extent of the data. B. Use two-stage least squares to interpolate/extrapolate. C. Use probit/logit to alleviate the data gaps. D. Use functional form choices to interpolate/extrapolate.
A set of clones representing the entire genome of an organism is known as a gene (recombinant/map/library).
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).