______ is to top-down as ______ is to bottom-up.
A. Disconfirmational strategy; conformational strategy
B. Confirmational strategy; disconfirmational strategy
C. Deductive reasoning; inductive reasoning
D. Inductive reasoning; deductive reasoning
Answer: C
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Carol gets angry whenever she is delayed, such as being in a traffic jam, but she does not get angry when she misplaces items. Her younger sister Janice does not get angry when she is delayed but does get angry when she misplaces objects. According to the behavioral personality theorists, this illustrates that
a. you really cannot predict what will make a specific person angry. b. anger is an inborn trait that is very predictable, although when and where a person gets angry is largely unpredictable. c. both women are equally prone to anger with each sister responding in consistent ways to certain situations. d. older children, like Carol, are more likely to become angry over social situations, while younger children, like Janice, tend to get angry over personal situations.
The reason that mental retardation is recorded on the same DSM-IV axis as personality disorders is because
A. this axis relates to relatively chronic conditions B. mental retardation and personality disorder generally have similar causes C. mental retardation and personality disorder are generally treated using similar methods D. this axis relates to biologically influenced conditions
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good hypothesis?
A. It can be tested using empirical methods. B. It is an if-then statement. C. It is complex. D. It is falsifiable.
Which corollary implies that an individual would get along better with those who employ similar constructs than with those who employ different constructs?
a) Choice b) Communality c) Individuality d) Sociability