A child has a 2-day history of vomiting and diarrhea. He has hypoactive bowel sounds and an irregular pulse. Electrolyte values are sodium, 139 mEq/L; potassium, 3.3 mEq/L; and calcium, 9.5 mg/dL
This child is likely to have which of the following electrolyte imbalances? a. Hyponatremia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Hypokalemia
D
A serum potassium level less than 3.5 mEq/L is considered hypokalemia. Clinical manifestations of hypokalemia include muscle weakness, decreased bowel sounds, cardiac irregularities, hypotension, and fatigue. The normal serum sodium level is 135 to 145 mEq/L. A level of 139 mEq/L is within normal limits. A serum calcium level less than 8.5 mg/dL is considered hypocalcemia. A serum potassium level greater than 5 mEq/L is considered hyperkalemia.
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A patient with a well-known history of heroin use has begun addiction treatment. The nurse had administered the patient's daily dose of methadone
The nurses should know that this medication aids in treating opioid addiction because it does which of the following? A) Acts as an agonist at opioid receptors and prevents withdrawal symptoms B) Acts as an opioid antagonist and causes unpleasant symptoms if the patient uses opioids C) Acts on the limbic system and the reticular system to suppress brain activity associated with addiction D) Depresses the CNS to a similar degree as opioids, aiding in detoxification
Shaken baby syndrome refers to:
A. The increasing rate of epilepsy and other seizure disorders in infants born to mothers with a history of psychiatric disorders. B. A form of child abuse in which a baby is shaken hard enough to cause trauma and death. C. The physical and developmental problems faced by infants of drug-addicted mothers. D. The psychological trauma that children experience from perceived threats to their safety.
You work in a cardiac ICU and are caring for a patient with a suspected MI. What drugs would expect the physician to have ordered for this patient?
A) Calcium channel blocker B) Coumadin C) IV beta-blocker D) Tylenol
A client has been admitted with severe pneumonia and has asked the nurse for help and information regarding nicotine addiction and ways to quit smoking
The nurse will evaluate the treatment and determine that a goal has been met when the client states: 1. "I will taper off smoking gradually.". 2. "I will keep a pack of cigarettes in my closet in case I need it.". 3. "I will take a walk when I get the urge to smoke.". 4. "I will eat a snack when I am feeling nervous.".