What strategy do corrections officers employ to gain voluntary cooperation from prisoners?
a. Brute force
b. Withholding food
c. Flexible enforcement of rules
d. Rigid enforcement of rules
c
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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. After a lengthy evaluation in 2003, a new D.A.R.E. curriculum was introduced in 44 cities in 2006. 2. It is a common myth that gang membership is based on a “blood-in, blood-out” process, meaning that it is not easy to leave a gang and that any attempts to do so may leave the “quitter” either dead or seriously injured. 3. Only 1 of the 10 gang members actually stays in a gang for 4 years or more. 4. Jeffrey Fagan identified 10 types of gang typologies based on his work in multiple urban areas. 5. Cooperate gangs pursue illegal activities in more than one country are especially prominent on both sides of the Mexico–U.S. border.
Which of the following is the United Nations' attempt at a definition of terrorism?
a. It is convoluted and self-referential, making it challenging to understand. b. It included a clause referring to state terrorism, which made it difficult to pass. c. It was too lenient on individuals knowingly contributing to terrorism. d. It excluded those nations involved in the United Nations so as to increase membership to avoid repercussions.
Which of the following delinquency-prevention models became the prototype project for many of the federally funded “war on poverty” programs during the 1960s?
A) New York’s Mobilization for Youth Project B) Boston’s Midcity Project C) the Columbus, Ohio, self-concept studies D) the Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. False confessions often occur after extremely long interrogation sessions. 2. Fortunately, Miranda warnings are effective at preventing false confessions. 3. The recommendation that interrogations should be video-recorded has virtually no benefit for police or prosecutors. 4. Research has shown that voice stress analysis and the polygraph are similar in terms of validity and reliability of the results. 5. The theory underlying the use of the polygraph is basically that there is a relationship between a person's state of mind ad his/her physiological state.