Suppose you learn that two children, a 10-year-old boy and a 10-year-old girl, have brains of quite different sizes, with the boy's brain being about 40% larger than the girl's brain
Which of the following conclusions would be the best to draw from this data?
a. The girl most likely has something wrong with her brain, because it should be at least 10% larger than the boy's brain.
b. The girl's brain most likely has something wrong with it, because it should be very close to the same size as the boy's brain at this age.
c. The girl most likely was malnourished in early childhood, giving rise to a smaller-than-average brain.
d. There is no reason for concern, since children's brain sizes can vary by as much as 50% without any appreciable difference in cognitive skills.
d
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Removing a valued item or privilege when an undesirable behavior is performed is called
a. response cost. b. time out. c. extinction. d. overcorrection.
A young child is suffering from a life-threatening disorder in which he involuntarily regurgitates all food. When no other therapies work, the child is given electric shock to eliminate his vomiting behavior. The electric shock is a form of ____
a. ?systematic desensitization therapy b. ?positive reinforcement c. ?punishment d. ?covert sensitization
Learning is a process by which experience results in __________
a. acquisition of motivation b. relatively permanent behavior change c. amplification of sensory stimuli d. delayed genetic behavioral contributions
A test question has item bias when it
a. is easier for one group than for another group. b. has a high discrimination index. c. does not correlate with other test items. d. does not correlate with the test's raw score.