In 1784, the physician Benjamin Rush was the first to explore the idea that this might actually be a disease:

a. drug abuse
b. alcoholism
c. withdrawal
d. depression


b. alcoholism

Criminal Justice

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According to John Hagan, which of the following criteria helps us differentiate between real crimes and those which are arbitrary and socially constructed?

a. consensus b. harm c. severity d. all of these

Criminal Justice

______ describes groups whose goal is to keep some population group in their place, usually within the lower levels of class structure.

a. aggressive group-control vigilantism b. social group-control vigilantism c. regime-control vigilantism d. crime-control vigilantism

Criminal Justice

Involuntary intoxication is a valid criminal defense

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

External threats to change initiatives can present themselves as budgetary setbacks, a lack of support or misunderstandings from citizens, or opposition by a newly elected politically powerful official

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice