A nurse who has practiced for 1 year on a medical-surgical unit is very interested in a position in the operating room
She traces the nursing history of surgery to learn how nursing has evolved in this practice. To determine if, historically, surgery methods advanced the practice of nursing, select the correct statements. (Select all that apply.)
a. The Ancient Egyptians were the first to use anesthesia in the operating room.
b. The "Barbers" of the Middle Ages used sterile techniques to reduce wound infections.
c. The Indian culture from 274 to 236 BC had hospitals staffed with female nurses who practiced much like today's nurses.
d. During the Renaissance, advances in nursing education, including surgery, were nonexistent.
e. Following World War II, nurses practiced in mobile army surgical hospitals, where medical and surgical techniques were further refined.
ANS: D, E
Correct:
d. During the Renaissance, major advancements were made in pharmacology, chemistry, and medical knowledge, including anatomy, physiology, and surgery with new emphasis given to medical education, but nursing education was practically nonexistent.
e. Following World War II, nurses volunteered for the Korean War, where care was provided in MASH units and surgical techniques were defined.
Incorrect:
a. Ancient Egyptians were the first to use the concept of suture in repairing wounds, but they did not use anesthesia.
b. The Barbers of the Middle Ages were poorly trained and lacked any formal medical education and performed surgery and medical treatments that were considered "bloody" or "messy." Nurses also provided some medical care; however, female nurses who were not midwives were forbidden to witness childbirth, help with gynecologic examinations, or even diaper male infants.
c. The Indian practice of surgery was very well developed, but male nurses had qualifications and duties similar to those of the twentieth-century practical nurse.
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