Distinguish between primary and secondary reinforcers. Give an example of each.
What will be an ideal response?
A primary reinforcer is innately satisfying; that is, a primary reinforcer does not require any learning on the organism's part to make it pleasurable. Food, water, and sexual satisfaction are primary reinforcers. A secondary reinforcer, on the other hand, acquires its positive value through an organism's experience; a secondary reinforcer is a learned or conditioned reinforcer. We encounter hundreds of secondary reinforcers in our lives, such as getting an A on a test and a paycheck for a job.
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Positive regard that is given because the person is valued as a human being is called:
A. a cognition B. parental blindness C. unconditional positive regard D. conditional positive regard
Validity refers to a test's ability to measure what it is supposed to measure.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
If an animal had a very small portion of its primary motor cortex devoted to its toes, it is most likely that the animal would:
a. be able to initiate very intricate and well-controlled movements with its toes b. have a limited sense of touch in its toes c. constantly feel pain in its toes d. not have very fine motor control over its toes
The looking chamber, which is a device used in visual perception research conducted with infants, was invented by
a. B. F. Skinner. b. Robert Fantz. c. Jerome Kagan. d. Jean Piaget.