Causal mechanisms are seen by some experts as an essential part of causal explanations, but others argue that it is not a criterion for causality
Defend one side of this debate. Illustrate your argument with a hypothetical causal effect that is (or is not) strengthened by identification of a causal mechanism.
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Which of the following is not true of policy analysis?
a. it is a study of government policy b. it is an applied interdisciplinary subfield c. it is the same as operations research d. it studies the causes and consequences of government behavior
Longitudinal research in which information is about the identical cases or people in each of several time periods
What will be an ideal response?
An intentional tort is one in which ______.
A. the actor, whether expressed or implied was judged to have possessed intent or purpose to injure B. the actor, whether expressed or implied was judged not to have possessed intent or purpose to injure C. the actor was judged to have no knowledge of the injury caused by his actions D. the actor was judged to have knowledge of the injury caused by his actions
The marks system is ______.
a. a graduated reward system providing privileges to prisoners for good behavior b. the use of inmates’ labor by farmers or other contractors c. a type of discipline instituted in the New York prison model d. a set of informal rules that inmates live by vis-à-vis the institution and staff