Consider the biogeochemical cycle for water (Chapter 3). Why isn’t water always an infinitely renewable resource?

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There are at least two reasons why water is not always an infinitely renewable resource. First, the hydrologic cycle occurs at local and larger scales. A change in local climate, such as through deforestation or climate change, can affect the amount of water that returns to a location through precipitation. Second, some ground water does not recharge at all (such as when it is fossil water), or else recharges so slowly that an aquifer can be depleted by over-abstraction. And as in the case of Malta’s water worries (see Chapter 3, Box 3.3), human extraction of water has disrupted the geophysical ability of Malta’s aquifer to hold fresh water. While water may be infinitely renewable for the Earth as a whole, it is not necessarily infinitely available at local and regional scales.

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What will be an ideal response?

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