A nurse is teaching a class to a group of pregnant women. The nurse correctly teaches that the period during which the highest risk of teratogen-induced gross malformations exists is
a. immediately following preconception.
b. during the first trimester.
c. during the second trimester.
d. during the third trimester.
B
Gross malformations are caused by exposure to teratogens during the embryonic period, which is considered the first trimester. This is the time when the basic shape of internal organs and other structures is being established.
No risk exists immediately prior to conception, unless the medication is a category X drug.
Teratogen exposure during the second and third trimesters usually disrupts function rather than gross anatomy.
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