The nurse knows a client who is a long-distance runner is able to respond effectively to the increased oxygen demands while running is due to which of the following statements listed below?
A)
Sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation associated with muscle metabolism mediate hypothalamic control of cardiovascular activity.
B)
End products of muscle metabolism cause vagal stimulation of the medullary cardiovascular centers.
C)
The insular and anterior cingulated cortex interacts with the hypothalamic centers, resulting in stimulation of the medullary cardiovascular centers.
D)
Vasodilation results from increased oxygen demand of renal and gastrointestinal blood vessels.
Ans:
C
Feedback:
The cardiovascular response to exercise is accomplished through the insular and anterior cingulated cortex interacting with the hypothalamic centers. This causes stimulation of the medullary cardiovascular centers and, ultimately, increased cardiac output. Answers A, B, and D do not represent physiological processes associated with exercise and increased oxygen demand.
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