Which one of the following accurately describes the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?
a. Negative reinforcement is essentially the same as punishment, but without the negative connotations that punishment has.
b. Negative reinforcement increases the frequency of behavior, whereas punishment decreases it.
c. Negative reinforcement always decreases the frequency of behavior, whereas punishment often increases it.
d. Both consequences decrease behavior, but punishment is more likely to make students angry and defiant.
B
You might also like to view...
Suppose you learned to solve arithmetic problems in school using a specific procedure. According to research on learning in and out of school by Nunes et al., what will happen when you encounter a similar problem outside of school:
a. you will try to apply the school-taught procedure but will probably make a clerical error b. you will correctly apply the school-taught procedure c. you will use a procedure that is not the school-taught procedure d. you will be stuck and thus will not use any procedure at all
Who used research from the fields of positive psychology and positive organizational behavior to identify psychological attributes that contribute to authentic leadership
A. Terry B. George C. Walumbwa et al. D. Luthans and Avolio
Recent research concerning the cause of ADHD reveals:
A. Diet plays a major role in hyperactivity. B. Video games and TV alter brain functions. C. ADHD cannot be explained because it does not truly exist. D. It is the result of a disorder of the brain and contributing factors from environmental and physiological factors.
After reading a story to her preschoolers, Mrs. Curtis asks the children to decide which of the characters are good or nice and which are bad or naughty. Mrs. Curtis is trying to encourage:
a. creative thinking. b. problem solving. c. teachable moments. d. critical thinking.